Hot sauce is one of those condiments that inspires near-irrational devotion. It makes you sweat, clears your sinuses, and sometimes leaves your ears ringing—yet somehow, you always reach for another spoonful. Long before hot sauce became a pantry staple, chile-based condiments were already shaping cuisines, cultures, and histories around the world.In this recipe, food writer and fermentation enthusiast Claire Dinhut returns to the roots of hot sauce with a simple fermented chile sauce. Fresh chiles, garlic, onion, and salt transform over the course of a week into something tangy, complex, and deeply flavorful. Once you've mastered the base recipe, you can customize it with additions like sweet carrots and cumin or bright cilantro and jalapeños.